• AWWA MTC64637

AWWA MTC64637

The Ammonia- Carbon Dioxide Forward Osmosis Desalination Process: A High Recovery Alternative to Reverse Osmosis

American Water Works Association , 03/01/2007

Publisher: AWWA

File Format: PDF

$104.00$208.90


The objectives of this slide presentation were to outline the viability of ammonia-carbon dioxide (NH3-CO2) forward osmosis; evaluate membrane performance under a variety of feed and draw solution concentrations; and, evaluate energy use. The presentation provides a schematic of the experimental setup, a homogenous dense membrane, an asymmetric membrane (FO mode), and figures are given for membrane performance results and energy usage. Concluding remarks include: NH3-CO2 forward osmosis may be a viable desalination alternative; internal concentration polarization significantly hinders performance, ICP is more severe for higher draw solution concentrations; the presence of ICP forces the use of higher draw solution concentrations, increasing the load on the draw solute recovery system; and, tailoring of a membrane for forward osmosis would help reduce ICP phenomena and hence reduce energy requirements and increased GOR. Includes figures.

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