AWWA SOURCES55649

The National Energy Policy Act of 1992 set manufacturing standards for improved water efficiency for toilets, urinals, showerheads and faucets. These standards became effective in 1994. The standards for commercial fixtures became effective in 1997. These standards affect the types of water using fixtures available for new construction as well as remodeled or renovated facilities. Passive water conservation savings are defined as water savings that result from the impacts of plumbing codes, ordinances and standards that improve the efficiency of water use. These conservation savings are called "passive" savings because water utilities do not actively fund and implement programs that produce these savings. In contrast, water conservation savings resulting from utility-sponsored water conservation programs are referred to as "active" savings. If plumbing standards are repealed, water utilities may face higher expenditures to achieve water savings goals and objectives. This paper highlights this possibility by examining the role of passive water conservation in demand-side planning. Includes tables.