AWWA WQTC57040

This slide presentation gives information on integrated membrane processes and discusses how reverse osmosis (RO)/nanofiltration (NF) has become well established, as well as the rapid growth of microfiltration (MF/ultrafiltration (UF) in the past decade. Anticipated future developments in this field are also discussed and include: integrating membranes with other processes; broadening the number of applications; and, improving overall cost-effectiveness. Specific RO/NF developments discussed in this presentation include: lower pressure, higher rejection & recovery; fouling resistance; improved energy recovery devices; larger unit sizes; and, the continuing decline in membrane prices. Specific MF/UF developments discussed include: rapid growth in less than a decade; continuing decline of membrane prices; increased competition & evaluated bids; treatment plants becoming larger and more complex; improving the range of applications & cost-effectiveness with pretreatment; and, gravity or siphon driven plants. Four case studies are given: lime softening at the Minneapolis Columbia Heights MFP; direct filtration at the Scottsdale Chaparral WTP; coagulation/sedimentation at the N.E. Bakersfield WTP; and, coagulation/sedimentation at Singapore's Choa Chu Kang (CCK) Waterworks.