AWWA WQTC58891

The main objective of this project is to investigate the key issues of membrane integration into existing water treatment works. In this project, an integration manual, a computer-based decision tool, and 15 detailed utility interviews were conducted to develop a comprehensive evaluation of the issues associated with membrane integration. The specific objective of this paper is to highlight findings associated with the following membrane integration issues: regulatory influence concerning what regulations are influencing utilities to integrate membranes, and how do these regulations differ from country to country; pre-treatment concerning the impacts of different levels and types of pre-treatment on downstream membrane systems; integrity testing concerning how utilities are performing integrity tests, and what criteria determine integrity failure; and, secondary membrane treatment concerning the issues associated with using secondary membrane systems. Includes 10 references.