S13 -- Hydronic Heating and Cooling (SI)

This chapter describes forced recirculating systems. Successful water system design depends on awareness of the many complex interrelationships between various elements. In a practical sense, no component can be selected without considering its effect on the other elements. For example, design water temperature and flow rates are interrelated, as are the system layout and pump selection. The type and control of heat exchangers used affect the flow rate and pump selection, and the pump selection and distribution affect the controllability. The designer must thus work back and forth between tentative points and their effects until a satisfactory integrated design has been reached. Because of these relationships, rules of thumb usually do not lead to a satisfactory design. TEMPERATURE CLASSIFICATIONS CLOSED WATER SYSTEMS Method of Design Thermal Components Hydraulic Components Piping Circuits Capacity Control of Load System Low-Temperature Heating Systems Chilled-Water Systems Dual-Temperature Systems Other Design Considerations Other Design Procedures Antifreeze Solutions