VC-21A-A005 -- Optimizing Packaged Ice Thermal Storage as a Distributed Resource

This study demonstrates a new mixed-integer linear program that optimally designs and dispatches thermal energy storage (TES) systems distributed across a connected community. The objective function minimizes total annual cost, including energy charges, demand charges, and annualized capital cost of storage. To demonstrates the potential of this new workflow, this study demonstrates a seven-building case study under time of use utility rate structures. The optimization places thermal storage at 11 of the 17 rooftop units and reduces annual cooling-related costs by 17.8% though a coordinated TES dispatch.